前言
1、挂载分区（或文件系统）：使用mount命令挂载；
2、卸载分区：要移除USB磁盘、U盘、光盘和硬盘时，需要先卸载，使用umount命令。
一、Linux与Windows
1、Windows系统下的分区很明了：
一个分区就是一个盘符；
如果有可以兼容的文件系统，系统可以读写那个分区；
如果是不兼容的文件系统，Windows会自动忽略这个分区。
2、Linux则像是一颗“大树”：
如果有另外的分区或者硬盘，他们就会挂载到“枝干”的子目录中；
这个子目录即所谓的挂载点；
可以将分区挂载到任意目录中。
二、挂载分区（或文件系统）
1、挂载命令
# mount [-t 文件系统类型] 设备名 挂载点目录
2、命令帮助信息
[root@localhost ~]# mount --help
Usage: mount [-lhV] mount -a [options] mount [options] [--source] <source> | [--target] <directory> mount [options] <source> <directory> mount <operation> <mountpoint> [<target>]
Options:
-a, --all mount all filesystems mentioned in fstab -c, --no-canonicalize don't canonicalize paths -f, --fake dry run; skip the mount(2) syscall -F, --fork fork off for each device (use with -a) -T, --fstab <path> alternative file to /etc/fstab -h, --help display this help text and exit -i, --internal-only don't call the mount.<type> helpers -l, --show-labels lists all mounts with LABELs -n, --no-mtab don't write to /etc/mtab -o, --options <list> comma-separated list of mount options -O, --test-opts <list> limit the set of filesystems (use with -a) -r, --read-only mount the filesystem read-only (same as -o ro) -t, --types <list> limit the set of filesystem types --source <src> explicitly specifies source (path, label, uuid) --target <target> explicitly specifies mountpoint -v, --verbose say what is being done -V, --version display version information and exit -w, --rw, --read-write mount the filesystem read-write (default) -h, --help display this help and exit -V, --version output version information and exit
Source:
-L, --label <label> synonym for LABEL=<label> -U, --uuid <uuid> synonym for UUID=<uuid> LABEL=<label> specifies device by filesystem label UUID=<uuid> specifies device by filesystem UUID PARTLABEL=<label> specifies device by partition label PARTUUID=<uuid> specifies device by partition UUID <device> specifies device by path <directory> mountpoint for bind mounts (see --bind/rbind) <file> regular file for loopdev setup
Operations:
-B, --bind mount a subtree somewhere else (same as -o bind) -M, --move move a subtree to some other place -R, --rbind mount a subtree and all submounts somewhere else --make-shared mark a subtree as shared --make-slave mark a subtree as slave --make-private mark a subtree as private --make-unbindable mark a subtree as unbindable --make-rshared recursively mark a whole subtree as shared --make-rslave recursively mark a whole subtree as slave --make-rprivate recursively mark a whole subtree as private --make-runbindable recursively mark a whole subtree as unbindable For more details see mount(8).
3、示例
要求：插入光盘，将其挂载到“/mnt/cdrom”目录下，查看挂载的所有设备。
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/cdrom # 创建目录 [root@localhost ~]# df -h # 显示所有文件系统的磁盘使用情况，并没有光盘的相关信息 Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/centos-root 22G 4.7G 18G 22% / devtmpfs 894M 0 894M 0% /dev tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 910M 9.9M 900M 2% /run tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 1014M 207M 808M 21% /boot tmpfs 182M 0 182M 0% /run/user/0
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom/ # 将光盘以只读的方式挂载 mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@localhost ~]# df -h # 显示所有文件系统的磁盘使用情况，在最后一行找到/dev/sr0光盘的信息 Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/centos-root 22G 4.7G 18G 22% / devtmpfs 894M 0 894M 0% /dev tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 910M 9.9M 900M 2% /run tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 1014M 207M 808M 21% /boot tmpfs 182M 0 182M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/sr0 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /mnt/cdrom
三、卸载分区
1、要移除USB磁盘、U盘、光盘和硬盘时，需要先卸载。
2、卸载命令：
umount 挂载点目录或存储设备名
3、命令帮助信息
[root@localhost ~]# umount --help Usage: umount [-hV] umount -a [options] umount [options] <source> | <directory>
Options:
-a, --all unmount all filesystems -A, --all-targets unmount all mountpoins for the given device in the current namespace -c, --no-canonicalize don't canonicalize paths -d, --detach-loop if mounted loop device, also free this loop device --fake dry run; skip the umount(2) syscall -f, --force force unmount (in case of an unreachable NFS system) -i, --internal-only don't call the umount.<type> helpers -n, --no-mtab don't write to /etc/mtab -l, --lazy detach the filesystem now, and cleanup all later -O, --test-opts <list> limit the set of filesystems (use with -a) -R, --recursive recursively unmount a target with all its children -r, --read-only In case unmounting fails, try to remount read-only -t, --types <list> limit the set of filesystem types -v, --verbose say what is being done -h, --help display this help and exit -V, --version output version information and exit For more details see umount(8).
4、示例
要求：将上一示例中的光盘卸载。
# 1、查看所有文件系统的磁盘使用情况
[root@localhost ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/centos-root 22G 4.7G 18G 22% / devtmpfs 894M 0 894M 0% /dev tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 910M 9.9M 900M 2% /run tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 1014M 207M 808M 21% /boot tmpfs 182M 0 182M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/sr0 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /mnt/cdrom
# 2、使用umount命令卸载光盘
[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/sr0
# 3、检查磁盘使用情况，/dev/sr0光盘已经卸载
[root@localhost ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/centos-root 22G 4.7G 18G 22% / devtmpfs 894M 0 894M 0% /dev tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 910M 9.9M 900M 2% /run tmpfs 910M 0 910M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 1014M 207M 808M 21% /boot tmpfs 182M 0 182M 0% /run/user/0
四、小结
挂载命令：mount [-t 文件系统类型] 设备名 挂载点目录
查看系统文件的磁盘使用情况：df -h
卸载命令：umount 挂载点目录或存储设备名
五、其它
设置系统启动时的自动挂载：
手动挂载的分区会在系统重启后失效，若用户需要永久挂载分区，则需要通过编辑/etc/fstab文件来实现。当系统启动的时候，系统会自动地从这个文件读取信息，并且会自动将此文件中指定的文件系统挂载到指定的目录。如：
/dev/vg0/lv_data /data ext4 defaults 0 0
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